WHO’s WHO of T contracts

WHO’s WHO of T contracts

Hyderabad: Amidst the ongoing demand for and against the bifurcation of the state, several arguments from both sides have been put forward. It is not only the politicians who have vested interests but also the contractors of major infrastructure projects in the region.
In the backdrop of this situation, The Hans India probed into the contractors who were executing various works. Here’s the list of the contractors who have been awarded major projects.

Gayatri Constructions Ltd
Gayatri Constructions is owned by Congress MP T Subbarami Reddy. The total cost of the ongoing projects in Telangana (including Hyderabad) is over Rs 2800 crore.

It has taken up contract works (awarded by the government) for the development of Nagarjuna Sagar Tail Pond link Canal in Khammam district with a cost of Rs 1,088.21 crore.

It has also taken up four laning of the state highway number one Hyderabad- Karimnagar-Ramagundam at Rs 1358 crore. They were also awarded the Outer Ring Road - phase -II project from Mallampet to Dundigal.

The cost of the project is Rs 323.97 crore.It also includes developing express highways on another stretch between Sagar road to Vijayawada highway at a cost of Rs 200 crore

Transstroy India Ltd
Transstroy India jointly owned by Eluru MP Kavuri sambasiva Rao and the Guntur MP Rayapati sambasiva Rao (both Congress) is executing notable projects like the eight lane expressway between Gachibowli and Shamshabad at a cost of Rs 699 crore on Outer Ring Road, the Komaram Bheem irrigation project at a cost of Rs 48.69 crore in Adilabad district and Dr BR Ambedkar Pranahita Lift irrigation canal at Nizamabad.

The cost of the last project is Rs 1,189.6 crore.

Progressive Constructions
Progressive Constructions belongs to Eluru MP K Sambasiva Rao(Congress). The ongoing works are Sriram Sagar Project works ( SRSP - J4 - 02A. SRSP - C5 - 03B. SRSP - L6 - 15B) in Nizamabad district. The cost of the works is estimated at around Rs 300 crore.

Ramky Group
Ramky Group, a leading infrastructre company in the state, is owned and maintained by TDP MP Modugula Venugopala Reddy and his family members from Guntur district. It has been awarded to take up ORR works between Shamshabad and Tukkuguda at a cost of Rs 400 crore.

It has also bagged the contract to construct solid waste management project at a cost of Rs 900 crore by the Greater Hyderabad Municipal Corporation. The project is in progress at Jawaharnagar dump yard.
Besides taking up construction of residential towers in the city, it plans to establish the Multi Product Park and the Discovery City at a cost of Rs 3000 crore in Rangareddy district.

GMR Group
GMR group which had constructed and maintains the Rajiv Gandhi International airport at Shamshabad is owned by G Mallikarjuna Rao (No political affliation) from Sirkakulam district.

The new Hyderabad International Airport Limited (HIAL) was a public-private partnership joint venture of GMR Group, Malaysia Airports Holdings Berhad, the State Government of Andhra Pradesh and the Airports Authority of India (AAI). GMR Group holds 63 per cent of the equity in the airport which was constructed at a cost of Rs 2300 crore.

Lanco Group
The Lanco Group belongs to Vijaywada MP Lagadapati Rajagopal (Congress).

He had taken up Lanco Hills- housing project at a cost of Rs 5,500 crore in 108 acres. However, the wakf board had filed a petition in the Wakf Tribunal claiming that Lanco had occupied the wakf land and that it belongs to Hussain Shah Wali darga at Manikonda village near the Hitech city in Hyderabad.

KMC Constructions.
KMC Constructions Company Limited, belongs to Nellore MP Mekapati Rajmohan Reddy,( now YSR Congress party) It has taken up the eight-lane expressway from Tukkuguda to Sagar Road under Outer Ring Road (ORR) project. The cost of the project is around Rs 370 crore. Mekapati Goutam Reddy is the Managing Director of the company.

Nagarjuna Construction Company
Nagarjuna Construction Company Limited owned by AV Satya Narayana Raju of East Godavari (No political affliation). His Son R Ranga Raju is the Managing Director of the company. It has taken up express highway works on the stretch of Ghatkesard-Vijayawada highway and Ghatkesar-Kesara in the city. The total cost of the project is around Rs 400 crore.

The other works taken up by them include the Krishna drinking water project phase-2 at a cost of Rs 1200 crore including manufacturing, supplying, laying, jointing, testing and commissioning the pipelines under package 3 and 4. It has also developed an indoor stadium at Saroor Nagar. The other project taken up by the company was the Singapur township in Hyderabad.

Madhucon Projects.
The only notable company from Telangana region which was executing some infrastructure projects is Madhucon projects, owned by Telugu Desam Parliamentary Party leader Nama Nageswara Rao from Khammam.

The company has taken up projects like the main canal and structures of Sri Ram Sagar right branch canal, SRSP flood flow canal from 103.00 km to 122.00 km in Karimnagar district on EPC turnkey system, high-level submersible bridge across the river Sabari at 36/4 km of Nallipaka – Pocharam road in Khammam district.

It constructed flyovers at the CTO junction and the airport junction in Hyderabad and the Flyover at Taranaka over a length of 801 metres. The total cost of the projects taken up in Hyderbad and in Telangana districts was estimated at Rs 500 to Rs 700 crore.

Indu Group
Indu Group owned by I Shamprasad Reddy (close to YSR but not member of Congress) from Kurnool district. He was closely associated with YS Rajasekhara Reddy. The infrstructure construction and development company bagged the contract of Pranahita- Chevella Lift Irrigation scheme. It won the Rs 1447 crore contract in a joint venture with Srinivasa Construction Limited , Kirloskar Brothers Limited and WEG Electric ( India) Limited for link 7, package 22 in the project.

The company also established " Indu Techzone", a notified 150 acre IT and ITES SEZ being developed by Indu Projects Limited and Sun Apollo at Shamshabad in Hyderabad. The total development in the 150-acre campus is to the tune of 7.8 million square feet of processing and non-processing zones.

The location comes under the Shamshabad growth corridor, which is one among the top 17 growth corridors in India, with respect to the envisaged pace and potential of growth, and return on investments. It will offer complete end-to-end solutions, from concept planning to property management.

IVRCL Company
IVRCL company owned by E Sudheer Reddy (close to YSR but not a member of the Congress party) of Nellore district has taken up Koil Sagar Life Irrigation scheme to irrigate an ayacut of 12000 cares in Mahabubnagar district. Indirasagar lift irrigaiton project ( Polavaram) package -31 to lift 51.5 cusecs of Godavari water in stages from Rudrammakota village in Khammam district to irrigate 2 lakh acres at a cost of Rs 152.20 crore.

The other irrigation project it is executing is Flood flow canal project from 57km to 70 km of SRSP main canal to irrigate an ayacut of 2.20 lakh acres in Karimnagar, Warangal and Nalgonda districts in two stages. The cost of the project is Rs 195 crore.

It has also taken up works in the Krishna Drinking Water Supply scheme-phase 2 under package one with the collaboration of Nagarjuna Constructions Company Limited.

GVR Infra Projects
GVR Infra Projects owned by G Venkataeswara Rao (close to TDP but not a party member) was awarded contract to develop outer Ring Road on the stretch from Dundigal to Shamirpet. It has taken up irrigation projects in Telangana under the Jalayagnam scheme.

Google expects to continue with its acquisitions

Internet giant Google Inc has spent more than $ 500 million for as many as 54 acquisitions and asset purchases so far in 2011 to expand into new markets and expects its current pace of takeovers to continue.

During the nine-month period ended September 30, 2011, Google completed 54 acquisitions and purchases of assets for a total cash consideration of about $ 502 million, the company has said in a filing with the US market regulator Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

This exceeds Google's previous annual record of 44 purchases completed last year. The company had spent cash worth $ 669 million for its all acquisitions in 2010.

In the first nine months of 2010, Google completed 37 acquisitions for a total cash consideration of approximately $ 626 million.

"Acquisitions are an important element of our overall corporate strategy and use of capital, and we expect our current pace of acquisitions to continue. These transactions could be material to our financial condition and results of operations," the company said.

The internet firm, which has $ 42.6 billion of cash and cash equivalent, said, "We also expect to continue to evaluate and enter into discussions regarding a wide array of potential strategic transactions."

Google is estimated to have acquired over 100 firms in the last decade, translating into purchase of 10 companies every year, on an average.

Google disclosed in the filing that that it spent $ 151 million to buy restaurant-reviews firm Zagat Survey last month. It also also spent $ 114 million on German company Daily Deals GmbH in September.

Further, in August, Google said it would buy Motorola Mobility Holdings Inc for about $ 12.5 billion in a bid to introduce hardware to the Android system.

The Motorola deal is still subject to closing conditions including the approval of the transaction by Motorola's stockholders. If Google fails to meet certain regulatory requirements and is forced to terminate the merger deal, it will have to pay Motorola a fee of $ 2.5 billion.

Google said it expects to complete the deal by the end of this year or early next year.

BSNL site hacked

 The Web site of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd - bsnl.co.in - has been hacked.

 The Web site of Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd - bsnl.co.in - has been hacked.

A message posted on the site, purportedly by a Pakistani hacker, said: “Hax3d by KhantastiC HaXor - Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd – India’s No. 1 Telecommunications Company.

The hacker claimed in the message put out in the BSNL site, “You have been pwned by Pakistani hacker. This is not a joke or dream, this is f*****g reality, kids. This is now just a warning!!

“Deleted Every Database!! Muwah <3…. Backup in my Pocket=p ohh I means in ma Flash Drive = D.”

The site has not been available since morning.

India at 'extreme' risk from climate change

PARIS: A third of humanity, mostly in Africa and South Asia, face the biggest risks from climate change but rich nations in northern Europe will be least exposed, according to a report released on Wednesday. Bangladesh, India and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) are among 30 countries with "extreme" exposure to climate shift, according to a ranking of 193 nations by Maplecroft, a British firm specialising in risk analysis.

Five Southeast Asian nations - Indonesia , Myanmar, Vietnam, the Philippines and Cambodia - are also in the highest category , partly because of the rising seas and increasing severe tropical storms. Maplecroft's tool, the Climate Change Vulnerability Index ( CCVI), looks at exposure to extreme weather events such as drought, cyclones, wildfires and storm surges, which translate into water stress, loss of crops and land lost to the sea. How vulnerable a society is to these events is also measured, along with a country's potential to adapt to future climate change-related hazards. Of 30 nations identified in the new report as at "extreme" risk from climate change, two-thirds are in Africa and all are developing countries.

Africa is especially exposed to drought, severe flooding and wildfires, the report says. "Many countries there are particularly vulnerable to even relatively low exposure to climate events," said Charlie Beldon, coauthor of the study. Weak economies, inadequate healthcare and corrupt governance also leave little margin for absorbing climate impacts. At the other end of the spectrum, Iceland, Finland, Ireland, Sweden and Estonia top the list of nations deemed to be least at risk. With the exception of Israel and oil-rich Qatar and Bahrain, the 20 least vulnerable countries are in northern and central Europe. China and the US, the world's No1 and No2 carbon emitters - are in the "medium" and "low" risk categories, respectively .

In a parallel analysis of major cities at risk, Maplecroft pointed to Dhaka, Addis Ababa, Manila, Kolkata and the Bangladesh city of Chittagong as being most exposed. Three other Indian metropolitan areas - Chennai, Mumbai and New Delhi - were listed as being at "high" risk. "Vulnerability to climate change has the potential to undermine future development , particularly in India," Beldon observed. Recent studies - reviewed in a special report by the UN's Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), due out next month - point to strengthening evidence of links between global warming and extreme weather events.

Warning bells to Indian economy in terms of Inflation?..Food inflation jumps to 11.43%

Food inflation shot up to 11.43% for the week ended October 15 on the back of costlier vegetables, fruits, milk and protein-based items. Food inflation, as measured by Wholesale Price Index (WPI), stood at 10.60% in the previous week.

The rate of price rise of food items was 14.20% in the corresponding week of 2010. As per data released by the government today, vegetables became 25% costlier, year-on-year basis. Similarly, Fruits grew dearer by 11.96%, milk by 10.85% and eggs, meat and fish by 12.82%.Pulses also became dearer by 9.06% and cereal prices were up 4.62% year-on-year.However, onions became 18.93% cheaper. Wheat prices were also down 0.95%, and potatoes by 0.45% during the week under review.

As for weekly comparison, inflation in the overall primary articles category was 11.75% for the week ended October 15, compared to 11.18% in the previous week. Primary articles have over 20% weight in WPI.

Inflation in non-food articles, including fibres, oil seeds and minerals, was recorded at 7.67% during the week under review, as against 8.51% in the week ended October 8.Fuel and power inflation stood at 14.70% during the week under review, compared to 15.17% in the previous week.The upsurge in food prices is likely to exert further pressure on the government and the Reserve Bank to tackle the situation expeditiously.

Headline inflation, which also factors in manufactured items, has been above the 9% mark since December, 2010. It was 9.72% in September this year.RBI has hiked interest rates 13 times since March, 2010, to tame demand and curb inflation.In its second quarterly review of the monetary policy earlier this week, the apex bank said it expects inflation to remain elevated till December on account of demand-supply mismatch, before moderating to 7% by March 2012.

Who are Telanganites? ==== By Gautam Pingle

Naturally, every settler will work harder than the locals and try and achieve all the ambitions which he could not in his own land. No one leaves his native land unless he has faced insuperable difficulties, or has ambitions which cannot be fulfilled there

Telangana and Telanganites have been affected and transformed by the 400-year-old Muslim rule that succeeded the Hindu Kakatiya kingdom of Warangal. The borders of Nizam’s Hyderabad State contained other populations whose native language was Marathi, Kannada, Telugu or Urdu. The Telangana people were ruled by a dynasty that claimed lineage from not only outside the State but also outside the country.

That the State of Hyderabad managed to exist and flourish for 400 years with this combination of subjects and rulers is something to ponder over and draw lessons from for the present and future conduct of our affairs.

Not much is known about the demography of Hyderabad City till the Imperial Gazetteer of 1909 published figures of the population of City and State.

Even in a hundred years, the balance between Hindus and Muslims did not change very much though proportionally other communities increased dramatically. Manzoor Alam and Waheeduddin Khan, in “Metropolitan Hyderabad and its Region”, estimate that between 1951 and 61, 126,000 to 177,000 Muslims migrated to Pakistan (p.286).

The same period saw an equal increase of migrant coming into Hyderabad (p.67) as under:Of the immigrants, Hindus constituted 81% and Muslims 18.9%. This predominantly Hindu immigration and the mass emigration of Muslims resulted in the Muslim proportion in Hyderabad falling from 44% in 1951 to 36% in 1961.

But there was little migration from the rest of Andhra Pradesh and nearly 44% came from Telangana itself. In fact, the numbers from other Indian States was much larger than those from Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema combined. This regional migration was small despite their capital being shifted to Hyderabad in 1956, and showed no evidence of Andhra entrepreneurship or interest in “developing” Hyderabad.

Figures are also available for later periods but these include all migrants whether from within the region, State or country

Thus, by 2001 there were 6.8 lakh migrants into the Hyderabad Urban Authority. The Sri Krishna Committee Report (SKC) indicated, using the same Census 2001 data, that only about 533,198 (7.2%) out of a total of 7.4 million living in Hyderabad and Ranga Reddy were born in the Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema (p. 327).

This decries the theory that there has been mass migration to Telangana and Hyderabad from Coastal Andhra and Rayalaseema. Most of the migrants to Hyderabad seem to come from outside the State.

This is substantiated by NSSO data for 1999-2000; there were 11.07 lakh persons who migrated to Andhra Pradesh while another 11.59 lakh migrated out of the State. NSSO says: “The migration into Andhra Pradesh is from the States of Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Orissa, Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh and Chattisgarh and it is to districts like Hyderabad, Ranga Reddy, Nalgonda, Medak, Visakhapatnam, etc”.

(http://www.prlog.org/10693100-aide-et-action-south-asia-launches-indias-largest-mapping-exercise-of-migrant-population-in-ap.html). Except for Visakhapatnam most migration seems to be to Telangana

The idea of a Telugu linguistic State naturally had its limitations, especially in Telangana. The 1991 Census data (add about 40% to estimate the 2011 figures) indicates that there were large linguistic groups in the Telangana districts:

It will be seen that in Telangana there are 31 lakh Urdu speakers (12% of the total population) concentrated in Hyderabad district (39% of the total) but spread across all the other Telangana districts. Another 16 lakh Hindi speakers (6% of the total) are also spread more or less evenly across the Telangana districts.

Thus for 18% of the total population of Telangana, Telugu is not their mother tongue – yet they all live in peace and prosper with the rest of the population. This migration seems to continue without any protest from the locals.

The data above indicates the liberal and easygoing attitude of Telengana people to migrants from other cultures and their tolerance for them in large numbers in every Telangana district despite the fact that they are not born Telugu speakers.

Naturally every settler will work harder than the locals and try and achieve all the ambitions which he could not in his own land. No one leaves his native land unless he has faced insuperable difficulties, or has ambitions which cannot be fulfilled there.

At the same time, the energy and ambition of migrants, whether in Telangana, Mumbai, Delhi or the UK or USA does result in a higher level of achievement than the local population given the same opportunities as the rest.

The special problem of Andhra migrants in Telangana is, first that despite their linguistic similarity, the common language divides more than unites due to dialect differences! The second factor seems to be the ability and willingness of the Andhra settlers to manipulate the State Government machinery to secure assets and jobs for which they are not legally entitled.

They are also seen to manifest a cultural arrogance towards their host population and, fourthly, that they assert that the State Government is “their” government rather than “our” government.

This is not an attitude Telangana people face from the other Urdu, Hindi, Marathi, Bengali, or Tamil-speaking residents of Telangana. The contrast makes for conflict with the Andhra settlers. This conflict will only end with the formation of Telangana State - for after that all who live and work harmoniously with the natives will be Telanganites.

Source: The Hans India English News paper

T-sentiment ‘takes over' mushaira

The mushaira held in memory of former Deputy Chief Minister K.V. Ranga Reddy on Sunday reflected the clamour for statehood.How can Urdu poets remain untouched by the Telangana sentiment? Poetry is the art of uniting pleasure with truth and that is what it did the other day.

A mushaira sponsored on Sunday by Progressive Telangana Foundation in memory of former Deputy Chief Minister Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy was reflective of the strong Telangana sentiment. For a change, love and romance, the mainstay of mushairas, took a backseat. Most of the poets chose to give vent to the clamour for statehood for the region. As the sun went down, the open air auditorium at Lalita Kala Thoranam, came alive with T-shayari. The mushaira was inaugurated in the traditional style by lighting of the ‘shama'.

Young poet Saleem Abedi set the tone for the evening by reciting a Telangana Tarana.

Haq per nahin ghabrana Anjam hai dikhlana

Hai hud se guzarjana

Pana hai hamen pana

Hamara Telangana

(When the cause is right there's no need to be afraid. We have to go all out to gain Telangana)

Then a budding poet from Manchariyal, Khursheed Asar, electrified the audience with his verses.

Madam ko manayenge, Telangana layenge

Dena pada jaan to jaan bhi gawan denge

Andhra ke leadero, Andhra sambhalo tum

Apne Telangana ko khud hum hi sambhalenge

(Will persuade Soniaji to get Telangana, even if it means laying down lives. Andhra leaders take care of your region and we will manage Telangana).

The next poet, Shamsheer Kodangali of Mahbubnagar drew a lot of applause with his verses.

Kar rahe ho tum hukumat

Khali hai khazana

Tum karke barbad baithe Telangana

Tum deke Telangana, Kiran Chittoor chale jana

(You have emptied the coffers and destroyed Telangana. Now Kiran, hand over Telangana and leave for Chittoor).

Continuing in the same vein, another poet, Shafi Iqbal, further mesmerised the audience.

Tahzeeb wo sakhafat ka

Akhlaq wo murravat ka

Isaar wo shujaat ka

Markaz hai Telangana

(Telagana is the centre of culture, etiquette, valour and sacrifice).

The only woman poet, Latha Haya of Mumbai, regaled the audience with verses on different topics. She stole the mushaira with this couplet:

Wo zid wo shararat wo ladakpan chala gaya

Maa jab chali gayee mera bachpan chala gaya

(The mischief, stubbornness and childhood has gone when mother passed away).

By-polls: Congress gets 0/4

India's ruling Congress finished third in the Hisar Lok Sabha by-election in Haryana where Anna Hazare had campaigned against it, and lost the other three assembly by-elections in Bihar, Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra on Monday.

Of the four states, the Congress is in power in all except Bihar.In Hisar, the Haryana Janhit Congress' (HJC) Kuldeep Singh Bishnoi triumphed, with the Indian National Lok Dal coming second and the state's ruling Congress third.In Maharashtra's Khadakwasla assembly, the ruling Congress-Nationalist Congress Party (NCP) alliance lost to the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP)-Shiv Sena combine; in Andhra Pradesh's Telangana region, the Telangana Rashtra Samithi (TRS) bagged the Banswada seat; and in Bihar, the ruling Janata Dal-United (JD-U) retained Darounda.The elections were held Oct 13.

Defeat is always "sad" and the Congress would be reviewing the party's loss in Hisar, Finance Minister Pranab Mukherjee said in the national capital.As the results became clear, Mukherjee told reporters: "We shall have to analyse why we have lost."The Hisar seat, which fell vacant in June following the death of three-time chief minister Bhajan Lal, was seen as significant as Anna Hazare and his team had campaigned there against the Congress.But Bishnoi said he owed nothing to the anti-corruption crusader."I attribute it only to my father and the (alliance with) BJP," Bishnoi told reporters in Hisar.

The Congress' Jai Parkash had come third in the last election as well. Although Bishnoi refused to give Team Anna any credit, some analysts said the campaign had also affected the Congress prospects.Surprisingly, Jai Parkash also denied that Team Anna had anything to do with the Hisar result. "The caste factor undid me," he said.In Khadakwasla, the Congress-NCP's gamble of getting the widow of the late Maharashtra Navnirman Sena legislator Ramesh Wanjale did not pay off. Harshada Wanjale, the NCP candidate, was unable to get the sympathy vote and lost to the Bharatiya Janata Party's Bhimrao Tapkir, who also had the backing of Shiv Sena.

Wanjale had died three months ago, necessitating the by-poll. The MNS did not put up a candidate as a tribute to Wanjale's memory.A MNS spokesperson termed the outcome "as expected" and said Harshada Wanjale lost the sympathy of the electorate.BJP leader Gopinath Munde the outcome would be reflected in the ensuing civic elections as well as the next assembly elections.

In Andhra Pradesh's Banswada, the TRS won by a massive majority of nearly 50,000 votes.Riding on the demand for a separate Telangana, it wrested the seat from the Telugu Desam Party (TDP), which did not take part this time in view of the Telangana sentiment.P. Srinivas Reddy, the TDP winner of 2009, was re-elected, this time as the TRS candidate, by 49,989 votes, against his nearest rival S. Srinivas Goud of the ruling Congress.Of the 122,872 votes polled, Srinivas Reddy secured 83,245 and the Congress 33,256 votes. The Congress too contested on the Telangana plank.

In a sense, the only saving grace was Bihar where the Congress is neither in power nor a main player.

The Darounda assembly seat went to JD-U's Kavita Singh, who defeated her nearest rival, the Rashtriya Janata Dal (RJD), by over 20,000 votes.

Telangana Development : Regional Imbalances In Human Development In Andhrapradesh – By Srinivas Ranabothu

1.     Introduction:

  This report is based on the Human Development Report, submitted to the Government of Andhra Pradesh, by Center for Economic and Social Studies (CESS).  It is aimed to show the existence of regional imbalances in Human Development.

        Most of the data in CESS report was from early 1990s to early 2000s. Since, this is from a recent decade, after Economic Reforms, and after better infrastructure and communication establishments, it is a very good indicator of the disparities that exist in the development of the different

       CESS took each district as a unit in their data collection and different statistical calculations. Since the arguments are based on the regions (Telangana, Andhra and Rayalaseema), I have taken each region as a unit. I have computed each value in simple averaging method. Telangana consists of 10 districts, so I averaged each value for those 10 districts. Similarly, for 9 districts in Andhra and 4 districts in Rayalaseema regions. Though, the current arguments are between Telangana and Seemandhra, I have separated 3 regions in my analysis. Because major arguments are between Andhra & Telangana and I am not sure what Rayalaseema representatives want? Sometimes, they want a united state, and sometimes they want their own Greater Rayalaseema. Since, that is not clear to me, I kept that as a separate region.

     It is also being argued that Telangana is developed by looking at the development in and around Hyderabad; I divided Telangana as Telangana with HYD and Telangana without HYD. This is to insist that “Developed Hyderabad does not represent developed Telangana”.

      This is not to interpret the Cess report for wrong reasons, since Cess report is considered to be more genuine and unbiased; it is being used to study the genuine differences.

    Also, this report does not cover other aspects of Telangana movement, like Political, cultural and employment indifferences.

Objectives of the Report:

1. To obtain information on where Telangana as a region stands, in terms of development, compared to whole AP and Andhra region
2. An attempt to get facts to all those who argue, without any basis, on the development of Telangana
3. To recognize the existence of genuine regional imbalances between Telangana and Andhra, in terms of development, whether these imbalances are a result of organized discrimination or not is secondary, but first of all, everyone should recognize the underdevelopment of Telangana compared to Andhra region
4. To show that, Hyderabad alone is developed exponentially, but not the rest of the Telangana.

There are other undeveloped/underdeveloped areas/districts in all 3 regions, since there is a strong demand for a separate Telangana; this report is targeted to view the development aspect of all “regions” as units.

2. Analysis:

2.1   Human Development Index (HDI):

CESS Definition of HDI:

     The concept of development has been extended to be more comprehensive and go beyond the mere material dimension of increase in per capita income, complemented by the non-material dimensions (like levels of education, status of health and access to basic amenities). Thus development, apart from income, relates to general well-being and economic capabilities of the people.

     The Planning Commission of India considered the following indicators for three dimensions of HDI in NHDR: literacy rate (7+ years of age) and adjusted intensity of formal education for education, life expectancy at age one and infant mortality rate (IMR) for health, and consumption expenditure (per capita per month) for command over resources (NHDR, 2001). Each of these parameters are analyzed separately in the later part of this report

Table 1: Human Development Index (HDI) in different regions (Higher the value, better the situation)

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Early 1990s	0.402	0.4008	0.3998	0.378	0.392
Early 2000s	0.537	0.54667	0.5393	0.519	0.50625

    

Interpretation: In this Table, though the absolute values seem to be very close to each other, we have to see the net difference between these smaller values. There is definitely difference between the regions. Since the indicators considered are smaller in absolute values, these differences look small.  For those, who have been arguing that Telangana(with HYD) is more developed than Coastal Andhra, the statistics show that Coastal Andhra is more developed than Telangana (w. HYD), though they don’t have a capital city in the region. If the comparison is Telangana (w/o HYD), the difference is higher.

      Obviously, this difference trickles down to the rural areas when they compare their life style with the other regional counter parts. I believe, this is the main reason for a stronger Telangana movement in rural areas.

2.2   Human Poverty Index (HPI)

CESS Definition:

While the HDI measures the overall progress in achieving human development, the HPI measures the distribution of progress through the level of deprivation. The broad dimension by which this deprivation is measured is the same as those of HDI – health, knowledge and standard of living – but there is a slight variation in the indicators. Moreover the level of deprivation is the yardstick for measurement while achievement levels are considered for HDI. Therefore, the indicators taken are as follows: adult illiteracy rate and percentage of children not attending school for education; infant mortality rate for health; and percentage of household not having access to basic amenities like drinking water, housing, sanitation, cooking fuel and electricity for command over resources

     

      Table 2: Human Poverty Index (HPI) in different regions (Lower the values, Better the situation)

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Early 1990s	0.583	0.616	0.5714	0.609	0.60725
Early 2000s	0.469	0.485	0.4613	0.488	0.48025

     

Interpretation: The difference of HPI between the regions is not high. Hyderabad helped Telangana in this calculation, by reducing the HPI value in the region. But, rest of the Telangana is almost equivalent to Coastal Andhra & Rayalaseema

2.3   Gender Development Index (GDI)

CESS definition

     The gender-related development index (GDI) is the third important index in the series used by the UNDP. It measures achievements in the same dimension and uses the same variables as the HDI does, but takes into account the inequality in achievement between women and men. The greater the gender disparity in basic human development, the lower is the GDI of a region when compared with its HDI.

       Table 3: Gender Development Index (GDI) in different regions (Higher the value, better the situation)

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Early 1990s	0.553	0.554	0.544	0.537	0.54425
Early 2000s	0.62	0.618	0.6132	0.6044	0.5825

 

CESS Analysis of all 3 Indices:   

     There seems to be some convergence across districts in human development in Andhra Pradesh, indicating that the more backward districts are catching up with the developed districts. On the other hand, regional disparities have not changed much for human poverty index and gender development index.

        Whatever the differences seen in the Human Development got widened when each of the criterions were looked at separately.

2.4   Different aspects of Development – Individually

       Each parameter of the development is looked into, individually, to observe the statistics more closely, in the following tables.

2.4.1 Income Dimension of HDI

Table 4: Per capita GDDP (Higher the value, better the situation)

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
1993 – 1994	7416	7540	7062	6993	7553
2004 – 2005	11756	11963	11818	11381	9968

      

       

 

There is a clear difference across the regions, in terms of per capita Gross District Domestic Product. Reader has to observe that, the GDDP in Coastal Andhra is higher than Telangana with Hyderabad. Telangana without Hyderabad is further lower compared to Telangana (w. Hyd). So, this income dimension is clearly felt across all sections of the people. This also proves that there is not a much of dependency on Hyderabad, from Andhra region. They will still be able to maintain the same level of income, even without Hyderabad being part of their region

Table 5: Growth of Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP) 

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
1993-1994	5.7	5.3777	6.22	5.977	4.4
2004-2005	4.3	4.3333	4.57	4.3666	2.925

 

Table 6: Growth of per capita District Domestic Product (DDP) in Rs

.

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
1991	840	842	820	810	842
2001	1300	1325	1309	1259	1083

     

Interestingly, though the development of GDDP is similar across the regions, the Net value of the growth in Rs. is clearly different. These Net differences in the income & income growth are felt in Telangana region across all sections of people

   

   

2.4.2 Health Dimension of HDI

      Table 7: Infant Mortality Rate (Lower the value, better the situation)

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
1991	49	50	46	48	52
2001	43	42	40	42	45

     

Health dimension (Infant mortality) seems to be equal across the region. Though, there were differences in 1991 and Telangana had an edge then, Andhra region caught up by 2001. This is a good sign.

      Table 8: Health Facility Available per ten lakh population, 2004-05

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Hospitals	4	4	4.9	4.66	4.25
PHCs	20	20.889	19.1	21.22	22
Beds	449	399.222	467.6	345.44	423.75
Dispensaries	3	3.6666	2.4	1.111	2.75
Doctors	92	83.111	85	57.2222	99.5
Contract Doctors	9	8.6666	10.2	10.77777	10
All Doctors	101	91.5555	95.2	68	109.5

                Though, there are slightly higher number of hospitals and PHCs, there is a substantial difference in number of doctors compared to other regions. I don’t think number of facilities would help the population without enough staff

             

2.4.3 Education Dimension of HDI

       The differences in education dimension seem to be very high and Telangana region did not catch up with the Andhra & Rayalaseema in any of the following areas of education dimension. This should have been primarily the Government’s responsibility to realize differences amongst the regions and the backward regions should have been taken care with utmost importance.

 Table 9: Percentage of Children 5-14 Age group Attending School (Higher the value, better the situation)

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
1991	49.12	50.24	47.22	44.7	50.17
2001	73.8	75.02	73.46	72.82	72.9

   

     

  

       Table 10: Literacy Rate for 7+ yrs Children (Higher the value, better the situation)

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
1981	29.9	31.61	26.22	22.65	30.2
1991	44	44.73	40.48	37.03	45.025
2001	60.5	62.13	57.18	54.77	59.725

     

Table 11: Adult literacy is for the age group 15 years and above (Higher the value, better the situation)

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
1991	38.3	39.27	34.5	30.74	38.775
2001	54.2	55.88	50.07	47.06	53.3

          

     

Table 12: Literacy rate for the age group of 15+ yrs, in 2001

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Non-Literatue	45.8	44.12	49.94	52.93333	46.7	Lower the better
LRP+	44.4	45.0111	41.18	37.91	44.675	Higher the better
LMD+	28.7	26.9666	29.64	26.51	26.675	Higher the better

       

LRP+: Literate person with education level primary and above

LMD+: Literate person with education level middle and above;

 The incidence of Non-Literate people is higher in Telangana region compared to the other regions.

 Table 13: Drop-out Rate in Primary and Upper Primary Stages, 2005 (lower the value, better the situation)

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Class I to V	27.04	19.34	33.08	33.88	18.57
Class I to VII	43.22	40.59	43.82	47.55	35

      

     

It is highly important to note the difference in dropout rates. Telangana is definitely neglected in this case in terms of curbing the dropout rate. Again, this falls under Government’s responsibility to concentrate on the backward region and ensure effective implementation of Govt. schemes.

  

2.4.4 Agriculture dimension

    Table 14: Percentage of Irrigated Area by Different sources, 2004 – 2005

		Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
% in Net Sown Area	Canals	12.9	27.86	—	2.665	3.65
	Tanks & Others	6.1	12.85	—	4.45	1.775
	Wells	18.2	13.1	—	28.98	17.35
	Total	37.2	53.82	—	36.12	22.775
% of wells in Net Irrigated Area		49.1	24.4	—	80.07	74.175
Other wells in Total wells		34.1	27.91	—	36.98	22.6

       

         Agriculture being the main occupation for the people across all regions, it is a MAJOR indicator of the backwardness. This is one of the major indicators of the backwardness of Tealangana. These differences are genuinely felt across, because of the fact that Agriculture is the main occupation for the people of all regions.

      Though the major rivers, Krishna & Godawari enter Telangana first, the percentage of Net sown area is much less in Telangana compared to Andhra. This is due to several reasons some interdependent.

 Where people from Telangana are dependent more on Wells/Borewells,( due to the non-availibility of canal systems) Andhra region is dependent more on Canals & Tanks which allows for a larger cultivable land as compared to well irrigation.. There are regions in Telangana where people sold some of their land to dig Wells/Bore Wells.  Telangana is completely dependent on Electricity to get water out from the wells, they have to pay the electricity bills without fail, till 2004, whereas, people from Andhra have to pay nominal water tax for canal water.  Higher bills for digging wells & electricity mean higher production cost for the crop. Though, both the regions grow similar crops, one region’s production cost is always higher than the other region. But, the final crop goes to the same markets and both get the same price. At the same time, irregular supply of power for the agriculture sector & higher production cost caused many losses to the farmers of Telangana, especially in 1990s. This triggered the spate of farmers’ suicides in Telangana region. These suicides were witnessed by the younger generation of the region.

     Subsequent Governments, since the formation of Andhra Pradesh, should have concentrated on developing the irrigation projects in Telangana region, to make sure that those differences are balanced.

    Table 15: Share of the Value of Crop Output and Livestock in the GDDP and their Growth across Districts

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Crop output
1993 -1994	24.6	27.51	N.A	21.2	33.08
2003 – 2004	14.2	16.72	N.A	14.41	16.83
Livestock
1993 -1994	5.5	5.61	N.A	3.57	5.62
2003 – 2004	7.4	7.5	N.A	6.68	8.65
Agriculture
1993 -1994	30.1	33.12	N.A	25.85	38.67
2003 – 2004	21.6	24.21	N.A	21.57	25.42
Growth (1993 – 2004)
Crop	1.3	1.28	N.A	3.2	0.925
Livestock	5.8	5.34	N.A	7.06	5.75
Agriculture	0.61	0.64	N.A	0.947	0.645

        

1. The data considered here is components of Gross District Domestic Product (GDDP);

          2. Crop output includes value of output from all the agriculture and allied activities excluding livestock;

          3. Growth is exponential growth rate.

        Again, this table is interesting to observe. Differences in Crop output, Live Stock & other Agricultural products are not huge. But, the NET income to the farmers has always been lower for Telangana region due to higher investment (production cost) as explained by reasons above.. That difference in income is clearly visible in the Table below.

   

        Table 16: Per Capita Gross District Domestic Product per Worker Agricultural (Aggregate Value of   Corp) output across Districts

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Per Capita GDDP	N/A	18337	–	16961	15192
Per Worker Agril. Output	N/A	13370	–	8990	8493
Per Hectare Agril. Output	N/A	33007	–	20235	15337

 2.5   Other aspects of Development Index

       Table 17: Infrastructure Index, in 2004

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Population Density	277	368.55	1997.8	257.88	201.5
Road Density	666	761.66	710	682.33	582.5
Percentage of Gross Irrigated Area to the Gross Cropped Area	39.8	51.43	34.99	38.87	25.92
Power – Percentage of Villages connected with Electricity	100	99.888	99.95	99.94	99.82
Bank – Number of (Commercial) Bank Branches available per lakh Population;	7.08	7.21	6.897	5.94	6.411
TP – Number of Telephone connection per lakh Population;	4121	4559	4455	3548	3258
PO – Number of Post Offices per lakh Population;	21	23	19.3	21	26
Composite Index (unweighted) of seven indicators mentioned above	1	1.138	1.871	0.945	0.88
Index includes above seven plus two more indicators representing education and health infrastructure.	1	1.068	0.983	0.936	0.958

   

      

All the parameters observed in this Table, Andhra region is higher than the AP state’s average, and it is more advanced than Telangana with Hyderabad. When Telangana (w.o. HYD) is compared, the differences are much higher. Though, the major economic capital, Hyderabad, is in Telangana region, Road density is higher in Andhra region. If not all of the above, Roads are completely in control of the State government, which neglected Telangana area in this regard.

        Table 18: Urbanization

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
1991	26.9	24.33	28.83	20.92	23.275
2001	27.3	23.44	29.55	21.72	23.2

     

      

Table 19: Degree of Urbanization

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
1961	17.4	16.6287	16.9444	13.40556	15.325
1971	19.3	18.625	17.7333	13.929	16.45
1981	23.3	21.87778	24.66	16.28889	20.4
1991	26.9	24.3333	28.83	20.92222	23.275
2001	27.3	23.44444	29.55	21.72222	23.2

The major contribution from Hyderabad to Telangana region is this Urbanization calculation. Since Hyderabad is considered as 100% Urbanized, Telangana (w. HYD) shows more urbanized than Andhra region. But, if Telangana (w.o HYD) is compared, there is not much difference. We have to remember the fact that, the same Hyderabad did not help Telangana in terms of Human Development in any other means.

Table 20: Percentage of Households without selected Basic Amenities, 1991-2001

	Overall AP	Coastal Andhra	Telangana (w. HYD)	Telangana (w/o HYD)	Rayalaseema
Dwelling
1991	49.9	59.05555	37.81	38.777	56.25
2001	50.9	39.38889	57.55	57.7111	59.075
Tap Water
1991	75.6	79.52	72.45	78.48	72.6
2001	51.9	44.54	49.27	49.27	77.05
Toilet
1991	81.6	83.85556	77.27	84.4889	86.975
2001	67	63.75556	68.25	70.06667	76.25
Traditional Fuel
1991	84.5	85.1	80.14	87.88889	92.65
2001	73.1	67.95556	77.22	78.95556	76.75
Electricity
1991	53.7	61.24444	47.97	52.2333	46.4
2001	32.8	29.38889	31.54	32.1667	45.875

Dwelling – Percentage of households with one or none dwelling rooms;  Tap Water – Percentage of households without tap water for drinking; Electricity – Percentage of households without electricity connection; Toilet – Percentage of households without toilet facility; Traditional Fuel – Percentage of households using traditional fuel for cooking including fire wood, charcoal, etc.,

   Numbers in this Table are another true representation of discrimination. Whether it is organized OR unorganized is a different argument, but these are the very basic necessities that people feel difference in. To observe, the very fact that the numbers in Telangana region for Dwelling have increased from 1991 to 2001 is very saddening.  There is more number of people in Telangana without the access to Tap Water & Toilet. This situation is not at all acceptable. People who use fire wood and charcoal are more in Telangana region.

      Interesting observation on this is Table is, growth rate in Andhra region in all these parameters is more than Telangana, during the period of observation (1991-2001).  The only exception, Telangana shows better percentages in Electricity.

   When people of Telangana compare their standard of living with that of Andhra region, they can clearly feel the difference within these factors.

   

3.   Conclusions

1. Cannot discount the existence of regional disparities
2. Statistical evidence shows that Telangana region is behind Andhra region, in-terms of every aspect of development
3. Hyderabad, being part of Telangana, did not help the region in terms of development. It should be noted that “Developed Hyderabad is not a Developed Telangana”
4. Most of the data collected by CESS for this report is from early 1990s to early 2000s. Differences in this period are felt strongly by the younger (10 – 20 yrs age) generation of that decade. I believe this is the reason for the large participation of youth (20 – 30 yrs) in the present Telangana movement. When they compare their standard of living of the same age group in other regions, they obviously feel the differences

For Full Report please go through below link
http://undp.org.in/sites/default/files/reports_publication/Andhra.pdf